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发信人: z6556 (小星), 信区: AdvancedEdu
标  题: 移民职业描述（1）-计算机程序员
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Sun Sep 13 07:30:40 1998) WWW-POST

Computer Programmers (2163)

Employment Trends/Outlook
A national study from Software Human Resources Council shows that Canada will
face a shortage of 20,000 software workers by 1999. The study forecasts that
employment will climb from 174,000 jobs in 1994 to 325,000 in 1999.(February
1996).

While there are no good estimates as to the number of vacant positions in
this area, it can be stated with certainty that there is red hot demand for
programmers with expertise in C++, PowerBuilder, Visual Basic and JAVA., and
the shortage of workers is considerable.

The Software Human Resource Council said that between 5,000 to 10,000
software workers could not find work in 1995 due to lack of adequate skills
while at least 6,900 jobs were vacant in Canada. (April 1996).

Systems development has moved toward development tools not languages, e.g.,
PowerBuilder, Visual Basic, C++, etc.

Some COBOL programmers have difficulty being retrained in GUI (Graphic User
Interface) development tools because they are based on a different paradigm;
the tools are not structured and do not offer a line by line listing. There
are dislocations particularly at the programmer/analyst level as this
occupation continues to evolve towards graphic applications development tools
and object oriented programming.

Wage Ranges
Low High
Regular $12.98 $25.00 Hourly
Terms and Conditions
To be successful in this field, a large amount of time is required to keep
up-to-date on new technologies and their applications.

A growing number of programmers work on a temporary basis to customize
software and solve short term problems for firms. Specialized temporary help
agencies and consulting firms send experienced programmers on assignment that
may last from several weeks to many months.

While the majority of work is full time, day; weekend and evening work may be
necessary in order to meet deadlines.

Seasonal variation is non-existent.

Typically, computer programmers work in an office with extensive computerized
operations and networks
Indicators
Shortage of skilled or qualified labour
Duties and Requirements

Main Duties
Write computer programs or software packages by coding instructions and
algorithms into machine readable form
Test, debug, document and implement computer programs or software packages
Maintain existing computer programs by making minor modifications as
required
Act as a resource person, solving computer problems for users.
Employment Requirements
A bachelor's degree in computer science or in another discipline with a
significant programming component, such as mathematics, commerce or business
administration or
Completion of a college program in computer science is usually required.
Specialization in commercial or engineering and scientific applications
requires specific post-secondary study or experience.
Senior positions in this unit group, such as programmer analyst, require
experience.

Those who wish to specialize in commercial or engineering and scientific
applications must take specific college or university studies or obtain
experience in those applications.

With experience, they may progress to senior positions, such as programmer
analyst, or become computer systems analysts.

No formal public licensing or accreditation of computer programmers exists in
Ontario.

However some major software developers, such as Microsoft, have developed
their own certification programs. Microsoft has a Roadmap to Education and
Certification which provides information on the requirements for Microsoft
Certified Professional certification exams available through authorized
private education centers and taught by certified trainers

High tech firms are looking for individuals who have strong technical,
analytical and problem-solving skills. Ingenuity and innovation are highly
valued, but interpersonal skills are also becoming increasingly important.

Basic Information

Nature of Work
Computer Programmers write computer programs by coding sets of instructions
into machine- readable form. They are employed in computer software and
consulting firms and in programming units throughout the private and public
sectors.
Example Titles
· Programmer analyst
· Scientific programmer
· Programmer - computer systems
· Application programmer
· Software programmer
· Operating systems programmer
· Software development programmer
· Systems programmer
· Business programmer
· Computer programmer
Related Occupations
Computer Operators (1421)
Computer Systems Analysts (2162)
Computer service technicians (in 2242 Electronic Service Technicians
[Household and Business Equipment])
Computer training representatives (in 4131 College and Other Vocational
Instructors)

Professional Associations
Association of Professional Computer Consultants - Canada
Canadian Advanced Technology Association
Canadian Business Software Association
Canadian Information Processing Society
Computer Science Association
Information Technology Association of Canada
Institute for Advanced Technology
National Association of Computer Professionals

Employment Levels

Labour Force
For the Census Region : Ontario (Source - 1991 Census)
Employed 25590
Experienced 26695
For the Census Region : Ottawa mgmt Area (Source - 1991 Census)
Employed 4310
Experienced 4465
Employment by Age & Sex
For the Census Region : Ontario

Male Female Total
15 - 24 Years of age 2830 760 3590
25 - 44 Years of age 13990 5785 19775
45 - 64 Years of age 1620 555 2175
65 Years of age and over 20 35 55
Total 18455 7135 25590
Avg. Employment Income 41196 36062 39783

For the Census Region : Ottawa mgmt Area

Male Female Total
15 - 24 Years of age 555 115 670
25 - 44 Years of age 2335 925 3260
45 - 64 Years of age 280 95 375
65 Years of age and over 0 0 0
Total 3175 1140 4310
Avg. Employment Income 41339 36436 40114
Employment by Industry
For Ontario

Computer and related services (772) 25.6%
Deposit accepting intermediary industries (701-709) 8.1%
Insurance industries (731-733) 7.8%
Other federal government service industries (812-817) 6.1%
Architectural, eng, other scientific&tech srvcs (775) 3.0%
Prov. and territorial government service inds (822-827) 2.5%
University education (853) 2.1%
Local government service industries (832-837) 2.0%
Office, store and business machine industries (336) 1.9%
Telecommunication carriers industry (482) 1.8%
General merchandise stores (641) 1.7%
Comm. and other electronic equipment inds (335) 1.2%
Electric power systems industry (491) 1.1%
Elctrcl, electr. machinery, eqpmnt&sppls, whlsl (574) 1.0%

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