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发信人: z6556 (小星), 信区: AdvancedEdu
标  题:  加拿大移民职业描述（11）-民用工程工程师
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Sun Sep 20 07:42:49 1998)

Civil Engineers (2131)
Labour Market Summary
Employment Trends/Outlook
Civil engineers are employed primarily in business service industries,
government service industries and construction industries.

Employment in this occupational grouping is correlated with construction
activity and therefore the general state of the economy. Overall this
specialty has been hard hit by economic conditions in Ontario. Employers are
being extra cautious about taking
on new permanent staff as full-time employee numbers continue to decrease
while the number of contract and self-employed engineers is on the rise.

Consulting engineers are experiencing ongoing difficulties because of
provincial cutbacks and ongoing low levels of construction.

The effect of proposed changes to environmental regulations coupled with cuts
to the Ministry of the Environment is not known at this time. (Ottawa
Business Journal, December 1996)
Wage Ranges
        Low     High
Regular $13.57  $30.29  Hourly
Terms and Conditions
A 35- to 40-hour work week is normal for civil engineers, but prolonged hours
may be necessary to complete major projects or during emergencies. Civil
engineers are often away from their desks and at the work site.

Civil engineers who perform environmental engineering work are usually
involved in designing systems or facilities used in pollution control. They
also recommend and/or supervise disposal procedures and perform environmental
auditing, often outdoors.

Indicators
Occupation without recruiting difficulty
Employment Potential
For the Ottawa Metro Area : Stable

Duties and Requirements

Main Duties
Confer with clients and other members of the engineering team and conduct
research to determine project requirements
Plan and design major civil projects such as buildings, roads, bridges, dams,
water and waste management systems and structural steel fabrications
Develop construction specifications and procedures
Evaluate and recommend appropriate building and construction materials
Interpret, review and approve survey and civil design work
Conduct field services for civil works
Ensure construction plans meet guidelines and specifications of building
codes and other regulations
Establish and monitor construction work schedules
Conduct feasibility studies, economic analyses, municipal and regional
traffic studies, environmental impact studies or other investigations
Conduct technical analyses of survey and field data for development of
topographic, soil, hydrological or other information and prepare reports
Act as project or site supervisor for land survey or construction work
Prepare contract documents and review and evaluate tenders for construction
projects
Supervise technicians, technologists and other engineers and review and
approve designs, calculations and cost estimates.
Employment Requirements
A bachelor's degree in civil engineering or in an appropriate related
engineering discipline is required.
Registration as a Professional Engineer (P.Eng.) by a provincial or
territorial association of professional engineers is often required for
employment and to practice as a civil engineer.
Engineers are eligible for registration following graduation from an
accredited educational program and after at least two years of supervised
work experience in engineering and, in some provinces, after passing a
professional practice examination.
In some provinces, those who are not graduates of an accredited educational
program are eligible for registration after completing a six to eight-year
term of supervised employment and successfully passing examinations.
In Quebec, membership in the professional corporation for engineers is
mandatory.
Supervisory and senior positions in this unit group require experience.
For the Ottawa Metro Area
In Ontario engineers are regulated by the Professional Engineers Act, 1984,
S.O. 1984, c. 13 and the Association of Professional Engineers of Ontario
(APEO). As of July 1, 1996, all candidates for a licence must have 36 months
of postgraduate
experience and for applications received after July 1, 1998, 48 months of
experience will be required.
All applicants, except those who have been registered for 5 years or more in
another province, must write the Professional Practice Examination (PPE). The
PPE can be written twice yearly with four retries allowed. Pass rates are
high.

Basic Information

Nature of Work
Civil Engineers plan, design, develop and manage projects for the
construction or repair of various structures such as buildings, roads,
airports, railways, rapid transit facilities, bridges, dams, ports and
coastal installations and systems related to
highway and transportation services, water distribution and sanitation. Civil
Engineers may also specialize in foundation analysis, building and structural
inspection, surveying and municipal planning. Civil Engineers are employed by
engineering
consulting companies, municipal and other levels of government, and in many
other industries, or they may be self-employed.
Example Titles
· Environmental engineer
· Municipal engineer
· Project engineer, construction
· Public works engineer
· Sanitation engineer
· Water management engineer
· Civil engineer
· Highway engineer
· Traffic engineer
· Bridge engineer
· Construction engineer
· Hydraulic engineer
· Surveying engineer
· Transportation engineer
· Structural engineer
Related Occupations
Engineering Managers (0211)
Geological Engineers (2144)
Chemical environmental engineers (in 2134 Chemical Engineers)

Training and Associations

Training Availability
For the Ottawa Metro Area
Within civil engineering many subdivisions exist. University programs are
available to suit many of the diverse aspects of this occupational grouping.
Civil engineering is an undergraduate degree program at Carleton University,
and the University of
Ottawa.

For degree programs in environmental engineering, survey engineering and
water resources engineering contact universities regarding relevant programs
they may possess.

Environmental engineering is a relatively new field and is available at both
Carleton University and the University of Ottawa.
Professional Associations
Association of Consulting Engineers of Canada
Association of Professional Engineers of Ontario
Canadian Academy of Engineering
Canadian Council of Professional Engineers
Canadian Society for Engineering Management
Consulting Engineers of Ontario

Employment Levels

Labour Force
For the Census Region : Ontario (Source - 1991 Census)
Employed                12705
Experienced             13465
For the Census Region : Ottawa mgmt Area (Source - 1991 Census)
Employed                1250
Experienced             1330
Employment by Age & Sex
For the Census Region : Ontario

        Male    Female  Total
15 - 24 Years of age    390     110     500
25 - 44 Years of age    7265    615     7880
45 - 64 Years of age    3880    55      3945
65 Years of age and over        385     0       380
Total   11920   785     12705
Avg. Employment Income  50605   41544   50153

For the Census Region : Ottawa mgmt Area

        Male    Female  Total
15 - 24 Years of age    30      25      55
25 - 44 Years of age    680     80      765
45 - 64 Years of age    395     0       400
65 Years of age and over        25      0       25
Total   1130    115     1250
Avg. Employment Income  55939   42775   55135
Employment by Industry
For Ontario

Architectural, eng, other scientific&tech srvcs (775)   43.5%
Local government service industries (832-837)   10.5%
Prov. and territorial government service inds (822-827) 5.8%
Other federal government service industries (812-817)   4.4%
Electric power systems industry (491)   4.2%
Residential building and development (401)      2.3%
Highway and heavy construction (412)    2.1%
Non-residential building and development (402)  1.3%
Public passenger transit systems industries (457)       1.0%



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