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发信人: myosotis (阿金), 信区: AdvancedEdu
标  题: 98-99 ocupational outlook handbook/Mathematicians
发信站: BBS 水木清华站 (Mon Apr  6 21:48:29 1998)

Mathematicians

Nature of the Work
Working Conditions
Employment
Training, Other Qualifications, and Advancement
Job Outlook
Earnings
Related Occupations
Sources of Additional Information

(D.O.T. 020.067-014, .167-030; 199.267-014)

                               Significant Points

          * Employment is expected to grow more slowly than the
          average as civilian and defense related research activities
          face limited expansion.

          * Bachelor's degree holders with a strong background in
          computer science, electrical or mechanical engineering, or
          operations research should have good opportunities in
          related occupations.

   * Nature of the Work

          Mathematics is one of the oldest and most fundamental
          sciences. Mathematicians create new mathematical theories
          and techniques involving the latest technology and solve
          economic, scientific, engineering, and business problems
          using mathematical knowledge and computational tools.

          Mathematics falls into two broad classes: theoretical (pure)
          mathematics and applied mathematics. However, these classes
          are not sharply defined and often overlap.

          Theoretical mathematicians advance mathematical knowledge by
          developing new principles and recognizing previously unknown
          relationships between existing principles of mathematics.
          Although they seek to increase basic knowledge without
          necessarily considering its practical use, such pure and
          abstract knowledge has been instrumental in producing or
          furthering many scientific and engineering achievements.

          Applied mathematicians use theories and techniques, such as
          mathematical modeling and computational methods, to
          formulate and solve practical problems in business,
          government, engineering, and the physical, life, and social
          sciences. For example, they may analyze the most efficient
          way to schedule airline routes between cities, the effects
          of new drugs on disease, the aerodynamic characteristics of
          an experimental aircraft, or the distribution costs or
          manufacturing processes of businesses. Applied
          mathematicians working in industrial research and
          development may develop or enhance mathematical methods when
          confronted with difficult problems. Some mathematicians,
          called cryptanalysts, analyze and decipher encryption
          systems designed to transmit military, political, financial,
          or law enforcement-related information.

          Mathematicians use computers extensively to analyze
          relationships among variables, solve complex problems,
          develop models, and process large amounts of data.

          Much work in applied mathematics, however, is carried on by
          persons with titles other than mathematician. In fact,
          because mathematics is the foundation upon which so many
          other academic disciplines are built, the number of workers
          using mathematical techniques is many times greater than the
          number actually designated as mathematicians. Engineers,
          computer scientists, physicists, and economists are among
          those who use mathematics extensively but have job titles
          other than mathematician. Some workers, such as
          statisticians, actuaries, and operations research analysts,
          actually are specialists in a particular branch of

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